Is it obligatory to make up for the prayers and fasting missed at the beginning of puberty, given the difficulty in making them up and the ignorance of some rulings regarding purity and prayer during that period?

Scholars differ regarding making up prayers intentionally missed. The majority opinion, which is the one adopted for fatwas, states that making them up and repenting is obligatory. Others hold the view that repentance, maintaining prayer, and performing abundant supererogatory prayers are sufficient. Missed prayers after puberty must be made up if their number is known, or by making up what is most likely to clear one's conscience. There is no specific time limit for making up missed prayers. Clothes washed from menstrual blood are considered pure, even if some color remains. However, prayer performed in transparent clothing that does not cover the 'awrah is invalid according to the majority and must be repeated. Yellowish and brownish discharges after purification are not considered menstruation. Istihadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) does not prevent prayer. It is recommended to disregard obsessive thoughts (waswas) and not to dwell on them.