Is it permissible to work for a company that collects and analyzes what people say on social media for private companies or governments, knowing that I participate in developing this program and am not responsible for how clients use it?

The basic rule is the permissibility of working in things used for both good and evil, unless it is highly probable that the programs and data collection will be used to oppress the innocent and harm the righteous. If that is the case, then working in them is not permissible. Since the program in question is used in commercial fields, and your work is in its development, there is no sin upon you for working in it. Those who sell it must refrain from selling it to anyone who intends to use it for evil if they know or have a strong suspicion of that.