Did the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, perform the funeral prayer for Ubaydah ibn al-Harith, may God be pleased with him, or had it not yet been mandated, and what was the situation of those who died at that time?

There is no text that clarifies whether the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed over the martyrs of Badr or not. Similarly, there is no mention regarding prayer over the Companion Ubaidah ibn al-Harith, may Allah be pleased with him. It is known that the funeral prayer was legislated at the beginning of the Hijra. As for the Murtath (one who was carried from the battlefield with a remaining spark of life and then died), he is prayed over by consensus because he is not considered a martyr in terms of worldly rulings, even if he attains the reward of a martyr. Scholars have differed regarding praying over the martyrs of battles against disbelievers.