What is the ruling on saying: "By divorce" without attaching it to any condition, and what is the ruling on the marital relationship after this statement?

If a man says to his wife: "You are divorced" (Ali al-Talaq) without stipulating a condition, this is considered an explicit divorce and takes effect according to the majority of scholars, whether the husband intended divorce or not.

As for the number of divorces that have occurred, repeating the utterance with the intention of effecting more than one divorce counts as what was intended. If the husband is unsure about the number of repetitions, it is based on certainty; meaning, the divorces are counted as two if that is the certainty.

If the divorce is less than three pronouncements, the husband has the right to reconcile with his wife before her waiting period (iddah) ends, and a woman divorced with a revocable divorce (talaq raj'i) is treated like a wife during her iddah.

If three pronouncements of divorce are completed, the wife becomes irrevocably divorced (bainunah kubra), and it is not lawful for the man to marry her again unless she marries another man and he consummates the marriage with her, and then he divorces her or dies, and her waiting period ends.

Some scholars consider successive divorces without reconciliation or a new marriage contract as a single divorce.