Will God punish me for not performing the Hajj pilgrimage in past years if I die before this year's Hajj season, knowing that I am a resident of Makkah?

You erred by delaying Hajj despite being able to perform it, for it is an immediate obligation, and delaying it without a valid excuse is reprehensible and a sin. What is incumbent upon you is to hasten to perform Hajj and repent for what has passed, for repentance erases sin. If Allah takes your soul before Hajj after you have resolved to perform it, there is no sin upon you. If death overtakes you, it becomes obligatory upon your heirs to appoint someone to perform Hajj on your behalf, and you should make a will to that effect.