What are the topics whose rulings differ based on the variation of regions or countries, and are affected by factors such as climate or surrounding circumstances?

The fundamental principle is that a Sharia ruling is general for all people, in all times and places. However, it changes if it is based on custom and habit, or linked to a specific reason or attribute, or particular to a specific situation, or intended to achieve a specific purpose, in which case that purpose is taken into account.