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The legally prescribed fasts are of ten types: nine obligatory and one supererogatory.

The nine obligatory fasts are: 1. The fast of Ramadan. 2. Fasts undertaken by vow (Nadhar). 3. Expiatory fasts (Kaffarat) for: Oaths (Yamin). Dhihar (a pre-Islamic form of divorce). Homicide (Qatl). 4. The fast for Hajj at-Tamattu' (a type of Hajj). 5. The fast for being prevented from completing Hajj or Umrah (Ihṣar). 6. The fast as recompense for hunting during Ihram (Jaza' Qatl as-Sayd). 7. The expiatory fast for forbidden acts during Hajj/Umrah (Muḥarram Fidyah).

Obligatory fasts are divided into: Those requiring consecutive days in both performance (ada'an) and make-up (qada'an) (e.g., expiatory fasts for Dhihar, homicide, and sexual intercourse during Ramadan). Those requiring consecutive days in performance but not necessarily in make-up (e.g., Ramadan). Those requiring non-consecutive days (e.g., the fast of Hajj at-Tamattu'). Those for which consecutive days are recommended (e.g., making up missed Ramadan fasts and expiatory fasts for oaths). Vowed fasts (Nadhar) depend on the condition set by the one making the vow. For all others, there is no command for either consecutive or non-consecutive fasting.

The tenth type is the supererogatory (voluntary) fast (Tatatwwo'), and its types include: Fasting one day and breaking fast the next (the most superior form of fasting). Six days of Shawwal. The first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah (with the Day of Arafah being the most emphasized). The month of Muharram (with Ashura being the most emphasized, preferably with a day before or after it). Most of Sha'ban. Mondays and Thursdays. The White Days (Ayyam al-Bid) of each month (the 13th, 14th, and 15th).