How is inheritance distributed among the daughter, the wife (not the mother), the mother, and the sister, and is it permissible for the inheritor to bequeath a third of his wealth?

The question is unclear, and one should not be preoccupied with dividing the estate of a living person. For someone who has passed away, leaving a mother, a wife, a daughter, and a sister: the mother receives one-sixth, the wife one-eighth, the daughter one-half, and the sister receives the remainder by way of 'asabah (residuary heirship) if she is a full sister or a paternal sister; otherwise, she is excluded. A bequest of one-third of the wealth to a non-heir is permissible and recommended for the wealthy, but disliked for the poor.