How can a Muslim know if their path in life is righteous from a Shar'i perspective, and how can they distinguish between events that indicate Allah's pleasure and those that necessitate correcting their course?

Allah created creation to worship Him and tested them with good and evil. The affair of a believer is always good: if he is touched by prosperity, he is grateful, and that is good for him; and if he is touched by adversity, he is patient, and that is good for him. The sign of Allah's love for a servant is their adherence to His obedience and His granting them success in it, and their avoidance of His disobedience and His averting them from it. As for what befalls them, whether good or evil, it is a test that holds many wisdoms.