How can one realize that they are on a straight path and that the hardships they endure are a trial from Allah, and how can they realize that they are patient?

The path of righteousness is achieved by adhering firmly to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah (definition) of His Messenger, and by prioritizing their guidance over human intellect and personal desires. The extent of one's rectitude is known by measuring oneself against this balance. Distinguishing whether an affliction is a punishment or a trial meant to elevate one's ranks is not within human knowledge, as it pertains to the unseen. The obligatory patience is attained by striving against the self and restraining it from discontent. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Indeed, the greatest reward comes with the greatest trial. And indeed, when Allah loves a people, He afflicts them. Whoever is content will have contentment, and whoever is discontent will have discontent." A servant must examine himself and the extent of his rectitude. The predecessors used to count their missteps and link their sins to afflictions, which prompted them to repentance and seeking forgiveness.