Is it permissible to recite the Quran collectively in one melodic tone, and is it permissible to sit on old graves (more than 70 years old) that are level with the ground and covered with carpets, in order to learn Tajweed due to the lack of another place?

A previous fatwa (definition) (44983) mentioned the scholarly opinions on reciting the Qur'an collectively in one voice.

As for sitting on graves, the Prophet (peace and blessings be be upon him) forbade it in several hadiths, including: "For one of you to sit on a burning coal, which burns his clothes and reaches his skin, is better for him than to sit on a grave" (narrated by Muslim), and "For me to walk on a burning coal or a sword, or to mend my sandals with my feet, is more beloved to me than to walk on the grave of a Muslim" (narrated by Ibn Majah), and "Do not sit on graves, and do not pray towards them" (narrated by Muslim).

Based on this, the Hanafis, Shafi'is, Hanbalis, and Zahiris disliked it, and this is the view of the majority of scholars.

The Malikis and some Hanafis held it to be permissible, interpreting the hadiths as referring to sitting for the purpose of relieving oneself. The preponderant view is that of the majority because the hadiths issued the prohibition in general terms.

As for digging up old graves for the purpose of utilizing their space, the majority of jurists permitted it with details explained in Fatwa No. (39548). This applies if they are dug up; otherwise, the ruling remains as stated initially.