Is it Islamically permissible to use incantations containing only tree roots for healing, with the belief that the cure is from Allah and that these are merely a means, and do they have a basis in religion like Ruqyah?

It is permissible to perform Ruqyah and treat with anything that is lawful, as long as it does not involve shirk (associating partners with Allah), based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "There is no harm in Ruqyah as long as it does not involve shirk." This relies on textual evidence and what has been proven by experience. As for using tree roots for treatment, if they are ingested as medicine or applied to a wound and directly benefit the body, there is no harm. However, if they do not have a direct, tangible, and rational connection with the body, then they are connected to superstition and are forbidden, because they make something that is not a cause into a cause. This is similar to wearing amulets, which is forbidden in Islamic law. Scholars have differentiated between major shirk, which involves believing that the object itself has an independent effect without Allah, and minor shirk, which involves considering it a means without Allah's permission.

The Sunnah indicates the permissibility of placing some dust from the earth with saliva and Ruqyah on a wound, as narrated by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that when a person complained of an ailment, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would say: "In the name of Allah, the dust of our land, with the saliva of some of us, that our sick may be healed thereby, by the permission of our Lord." This is not merely using dust, but rather it is done with Ruqyah and spitting.