Is it permissible for a woman suffering from urinary incontinence to pray while sitting due to fear of urine leaking during bowing (ruku') or prostration (sujud)?

Standing in prayer is a pillar, and it is not waived except for an excuse. Among the excuses is urinary incontinence ( سلس البول), and it has two situations:

First: If the incontinence is continuous, such that it does not stop, one should perform ablution after the time for prayer begins, take precautions, and pray. What exits (from the urethra) will not harm him.

Second: If it stops, one should wait until it stops, then perform ablution and pray, even if it means missing the congregational prayer.

As for the person with incontinence, if urine exits from him only when standing, but not when sitting, then he may pray sitting, and there is no blame upon him. If it only exits during prostration or bowing, the madhhab (school of thought) of the Hanbalis is that he should bow and prostrate normally and not merely gesture. However, there is another opinion that permits gesturing for bowing and prostration if that preserves ritual purity.

In summary: There is no blame on a person afflicted with incontinence to pray sitting and to gesture for bowing and prostration if that prevents the exit of anything that nullifies ritual purity.