What is the meaning of "perfecting one's purification" (iḥsān aṭ-ṭahūr) in the Hadith: "There is no servant who commits a sin and then perfects his purification, then stands and prays two rak'ahs in which he does not speak to himself, then seeks Allah's forgiveness, but Allah will forgive him"? And will forgiveness be granted to one who was distracted or whose mind wandered during his prayer? And what is the required extent of seeking forgiveness?

Al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no man who commits a sin, then stands up and purifies himself, perfecting his purification, then seeks Allah Almighty's forgiveness, but that he will be forgiven." Then he recited: "{And those who, when they commit an indecency}." Perfecting purification refers to performing ablution (wudu') with all its conditions and pillars fulfilled. The required seeking of forgiveness must be accompanied by repentance, which involves ceasing the sin, resolving not to return to it, and restoring rights if any are involved. As also stated in the Sahihayn from Uthman that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs ablution like this ablution of mine, then prays two rak'ahs, in which he does not speak to himself, his past sins will be forgiven." Scholars interpreted "not speaking to himself" as not indulging in worldly thoughts, while whatever thoughts occur to a person involuntarily and he repels them are excused.