Is Zakat obligatory upon a 30-year-old unmarried woman who has 12,000 EGP in the bank, with clarification of the difference between Zakat on wealth (Zakat al-Mal) and Zakat al-Fitr (for Eid al-Fitr) and Zakat al-Adha (for Eid al-Adha)?

Zakat is obligatory on money if it reaches the equivalent of 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver, and a full lunar year (Hawl) has passed over it without decreasing below this amount. The zakat for past years must be paid if it has not been.

Zakat on wealth (Zakat al-Mal) is related to the money itself and is obligatory on whoever possesses the Nisab every lunar year. It is disbursed in the country where the money is located.

As for Zakat al-Fitr, it becomes obligatory at sunset on the last day of Ramadan for every Muslim. It is paid on behalf of oneself and those one is financially responsible for, in the amount of one Sa' of food, and is given to the poor and needy before the Eid prayer.

There is no specific zakat for Eid al-Adha; rather, the sacrifice (Udhiyah) is prescribed during it.