What is the ruling on the fast of a sick person who used a nebulizer during the daytime in Ramadan based on the fatwa of a female doctor who erred in her ruling? Is expiation obligatory upon the female doctor for issuing an erroneous fatwa? And is she sinful if other patients use the device without knowing its ruling?

The nebulizer is an inhaler device that breaks the fast, and it is not permissible to use it during the daytime in Ramadan (definition) except out of necessity. The female doctor who issued a fatwa (definition) that it does not break the fast must repent and inform the patient of her error. She does not owe expiation, but the patient must make up the fast.

As for the one who issues a fatwa without knowledge, he must inform the questioner of his error and repent to Allah. However, if the female doctor prescribed the device for a patient who needs it during the day and did not mention the ruling on breaking the fast, then there is no sin upon her, and the patient must ask. If she prescribed it for someone who can do without it during the day, and she knows that he will use it during the day, then she is sinful. Doctors should learn the rulings of worship related to their specialty.