What is the authenticity of the hadith that mentions severe punishments for those who abandon prayer, stating that they are cursed in the heavenly books and that none of their deeds will be accepted?

The aforementioned Hadith was not found in this context from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in the books of Sunnah, not even those classified as weak or fabricated Ahadith. A small part of it was mentioned in the book "Nuzhat al-Majalis wa Muntakhab al-Nafa'is" without a chain of narration, with the caveat that this book is full of Isra'iliyat (stories from Jewish traditions) and unauthentic Ahadith, and therefore cannot be relied upon. The principle is that anything attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, whether a saying or an action, is not accepted unless its source and chain of narration are established and the conditions of authenticity are met.