What is the meaning of "Sanad" and "Ijazah," what is the difference between them, and who grants them, in the context of a reciter who is said to have a Sanad to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and an Ijazah?

"Ijazah" means a شيخ's (scholar's) permission for his student to narrate on his authority, and it is derived from the word "ibahah" (permission). As for "sanad," it is the chain of narrators who transmitted the hadith from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and it indicates elevation and reliance. There are many within the Muslim Ummah who grant ijazah in the Qur'an and Hadith, and they can be found by inquiring about the scholars of a particular country or by consulting specialized websites such as "Multaqa Ahl al-Tafsir" (Forum of the People of Tafsir) and "Multaqa Ahl al-Hadith" (Forum of the People of Hadith).