Is it obligatory for the wife to seek her husband's permission before leaving her parents' home, especially if he does not spend on her or their daughter, and has not requested this from her throughout the period of estrangement?

It is forbidden for a wife with whom intercourse has occurred to leave her husband's house except with his permission or for a legitimate reason. Her departure without his permission or without necessity is considered an act of defiance (nushooz), even if it is from her parents' house, because her obedience is to her husband. There are exceptions for her departure, such as going to the judge to demand her rights, or to work if her husband becomes unable to provide maintenance, or to seek a fatwa if her husband is not a jurist and does not seek one for her. Spouses are advised to communicate and strive for reconciliation and family stability.