What is the authenticity of the permissibility for pregnant and breastfeeding women to break their fast with expiation (feeding the poor) without making up the days, and what is the evidence for this based on what was narrated from Ibn 'Umar?

Scholars have differed on the ruling concerning pregnant and breastfeeding women if they break their fast during Ramadan, with three opinions:

1. First opinion: They are only required to make up the fast (qada'). This is the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, and it was also held by Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). They adduced as evidence that the Prophet (peace be upon him) equated the ruling for pregnant and breastfeeding women with that of a traveler, and a traveler breaks the fast and makes it up. Likewise, by analogy with the sick person who breaks the fast and makes it up. 2. Second opinion: If they fear for themselves, then they are only required to make up the fast. But if they fear for their children, then they must make up the fast and feed one poor person for each day. This is the madhhab of Imams Al-Shafi'i and Ahmad. 3. Third opinion: They are only required to feed the poor (fidya) and are not required to make up the fast. This was held by Abdullah ibn Abbas and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both).

Most contemporary scholars, such as Ibn Baz, the Permanent Committee (Al-Lajnah Ad-Da'imah), and Ibn Uthaymeen, have favored the first opinion, which is that they are only required to make up the fast. This is because they are likened to the sick and the traveler, for whom breaking the fast is permissible and making it up is obligatory, as stated in the Almighty's words: ﴿And whoever is ill or on a journey, then [he may fast instead] an equal number of other days.﴾