How can someone who has embraced Islam but does not know Arabic perform the remembrances of prayer and recite the Qur’an?

The majority of jurists hold that a non-Arab who is proficient in Arabic is not permitted to pronounce the Takbir in any language other than Arabic. However, for one who is not proficient in Arabic, it is permissible to pronounce the Takbir in their own language after translating the meanings, but it is obligatory for them to learn Arabic. This difference of opinion also applies to the adhkar (remembrances) of the prayer.

As for the recitation of the Qur'an, it is not permissible in any language other than Arabic according to the majority. Their evidence is the Almighty's saying: "Indeed, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an," and "in a clear Arabic tongue," and because the Qur'an is miraculous in its wording and meaning.

If a non-Arab is unable to recite in Arabic, it is obligatory for them to learn. Otherwise, their prayer will not be valid. If they are unable or fear missing the prayer time, and they know one verse from Al-Fatiha, they should repeat it seven times. If they know more, they should repeat according to what they know. If they know part of a verse, they should move to another. If they do not know anything from the Qur'an but have memorized something else, they should recite from it as much as they would from the Qur'an. Otherwise, it is obligatory for them to say: "Subhan Allah, wal-hamdulillah, wa la ilaha illa Allah, wa Allahu akbar, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah" (Glory be to Allah, and all praise is due to Allah, and there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest, and there is no might or power except with Allah).