What is the ruling of Islamic law regarding sex reassignment surgeries for intersex individuals who are born with both male and female characteristics? What is the ruling concerning the doctor who performs the surgery? What is the ruling regarding their marriage? And do they lead prayers if there are others present?

A hermaphrodite (khunthā) has two situations: The first is when their gender becomes clear, whether male or female, in which case they are treated according to the gender that has become apparent. The second is when their gender does not become clear, and this is called an ambiguous hermaphrodite (khunthā mushkil). In this case, they are treated with the stricter of the rulings. An ambiguous hermaphrodite is permitted to undergo a sex reassignment surgery according to what doctors deem closer to their characteristics. As for a hermaphrodite whose gender has become clear, they are not permitted to undergo a sex reassignment surgery, but they are allowed to remove characteristics that belong to the gender they do not identify with.

The ruling concerning the doctor who performs the surgery: It is permissible for them to perform it in permissible cases, and forbidden in others.

Marriage to a hermaphrodite is permissible if their gender has become clear or if they have undergone sex reassignment surgery under its conditions. Marriage to them is not permissible if they are still ambiguous. Similarly, praying behind them is treated with the stricter ruling if they are ambiguous, and according to their gender if it has become clear or if they have undergone reassignment.