What is the ruling on prosecuting the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), questioning his struggle with speech and sword, his taking of spoils of war as lawful, his making of governance after him a private property for his in-laws and relatives, his relationship with women, the reasons why none of his nation married his wives after his death, and questioning the authors of Hadith books, and his miracles such as the splitting of the chest and the Isra and Mi'raj?

"Insulting the Prophet (peace be upon him), belittling him, and casting doubt on his religion is clear disbelief (kufr bawāḥ). It is obligatory to confront this and strive against it through all legitimate forms of jihad. Ibn al-Qayyim said: "And among the rights of Allah upon His servant is to repel those who attack His Book, His Messenger, and His religion, and to strive against them with proof and clear exposition, with the sword and spear, with the heart and inner self. There is not a mustard seed's worth of faith beyond that."

It is incumbent upon scholars to clarify and establish proof, and upon rulers to punish those who deviate. Such slanders do not diminish the status of the Prophet (peace be upon him); rather, they are a trial and an tribulation, and an ongoing tradition with the prophets, as Allah Almighty said: "And similarly, We made for every prophet an enemy - devils from mankind and jinn, inspiring to one another decorative speech in delusion" (Al-An'am: 112)."