How can a Muslim not be among those whom Allah blesses in this world only for them to be punished in the Hereafter?

To distinguish between a blessing (ni'mah) and a gradual entrapment (istidraj), look at the state of the servant. If you see Allah giving the servant what he desires while he persists in sins, this is istidraj. For Allah opens the doors to everything for the disobedient person until he rejoices, then He seizes him suddenly. Ibn al-Qayyim said: "There is a difference between a blessing that aids in eternal happiness and a blessing of istidraj, which many do not perceive." The servant must repent and have a good opinion of Allah, for Allah Almighty says in the Hadith Qudsi: "I am as My servant thinks of Me."