What are the points of articulation for letters?

The points of articulation (makharij al-huruf) in the science of Tajwid are the places from which a letter emerges, distinguishing it from others. To identify a letter's point of articulation, one makes it quiescent (saakin) and precedes it with a hamzat al-wasl (connecting hamza). Scholars have differed on the number of articulation points, but the majority opinion, according to the school of thought of Al-Khalil bin Ahmad and the choice of Al-Hafiz Ibn Al-Jazari, is that there are seventeen points of articulation. These points are confined within five general articulation areas: the Empty Space (Al-Jawf), the Throat (Al-Halq), the Tongue (Al-Lisan), the Two Lips (Ash-Shafatan), and the Nasal Passage (Al-Khayshum).