What is the ruling on lying to a judge to obtain residency, by claiming that the country does not permit freedom of fornication, and that the fornicator is persecuted by his family and police? Does this constitute disbelief? And what is the ruling on the money earned from work and residency after repenting from this lie?

What you did is an abomination and a trial for people in their religion, because a disbeliever might think that there is good in their religion and that Islam is not suitable. This contradicts what the Salaf warned against when they said, "Our Lord, do not make us a trial for those who disbelieve." You are obligated to repent to Allah for causing this trial for these people, and for this lie and claiming adultery upon yourself. We hope that what you mentioned is not disbelief, as there is no explicit disbelief. The phrase "does not permit adultery" might be a description of reality and not an objection to a Shari'ah ruling, but these are dangerous words from which one must repent and be cautious.