What should a former government employee do, who has repented and wishes to return money to citizens which he did not give back to them, given that he does not know the exact individuals or amounts? Should he give it as charity with the intention that its reward goes to its rightful owners?

The excess amounts left by clients are not rightfully owned by the government employee. These amounts could be: 1. Concealed and deducted money: This is forbidden (haram), and one must repent from it and return it to its owners. If that is not possible, it should be spent on the welfare of Muslims. 2. Gratuity in the government sector: This is impermissible for the employee due to the suspicion of bribery and corruption. 3. Gratuity from customers (in the private sector): This is permissible if given willingly and without solicitation, but with the condition of obtaining the employer's permission. 4. Gratuity requested by the employee: This is impermissible for him, as it is requested in exchange for a service that he is supposed to provide as part of his salary.

The employee must dispose of these amounts by giving them to the poor and for the welfare of Muslims if it is not possible to return them to their owners. He should strive to estimate the amount that will clear his conscience.