Is busying oneself with learning programming and cybersecurity, while maintaining religious obligations, considered a form of recreation that does not entail worldly attachment, and is the repeated repentance from various types of shirk [polytheism/idolatry] valid and religiously acceptable?

Learning programming is permissible so long as it does not distract one from obligatory duties or lead to prohibitions. Being engrossed in it to the exclusion of Sunnah prayers and recommended acts does not entail sin, nor is it considered blameworthy attachment to worldly matters. One should improve their intention when learning it, such as intending to use it to earn lawful livelihood and benefit Muslims. As for repeated apostasy, these are mere whisperings (waswas) that should be ignored and given no attention.