Does the word "ill omen" in the Hadith: (If there is ill omen in anything, it is in the woman, the dwelling, and the horse) mean evil or calamities, and if so, why was the woman singled out for mention without the man in the context of ill omen?

The Hadith you mentioned is authentic and agreed upon, and it has been narrated with various wordings, such as: "Indeed, ill-omen is in three: in the horse, the woman, and the dwelling," and "If there is any ill-omen, it is in the woman, the horse, and the dwelling."

Ill-omen (Shu'm) is the belief that evil comes from something, and it is the opposite of good fortune (Yumn). These things have no effect in bringing ill-omen, for everything that befalls a person, whether good or evil, is by the decree of Allah the Almighty.

No scholar has ever said that a woman or anything else has a hand in calamities, for all destiny is in the hands of Allah, and pessimism (Tashā'um) and omens (Taṭaywur) are forbidden.

Scholars have differed in their interpretation of the Hadith, holding several views:

1. Absolute negation of ill-omen: This interpretation suggests that the Hadith means, "If ill-omen were in anything, it would be in these three," implying that it does not exist in anything at all. 2. Narration of what was believed by the people of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic ignorance): This view holds that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not affirm ill-omen in these things, but rather was informing about the belief of the people of Jahiliyyah. 3. Ill-omen applies to the pessimist himself: This interpretation states that the bad omen (Ṭīrah) affects the one who believes in it, and if pessimism arises from these three things, then the ill-omen befalls the one who is pessimistic about them. 4. Reporting what people habitually consider ominous: This view suggests that these three are what people most often consider ominous due to their constant association with them. If calamities repeatedly occur, a person is permitted to part with them, not out of belief in ill-omen, but to protect their heart from false assumptions. 5. The meaning of ill-omen is misery and unhappiness: This misery results from a cramped dwelling, a wife with a bad temperament, or a mount unsuitable for combat. This is supported by other Hadiths which indicate that happiness and unhappiness can be found in these matters. 6. Allah's ability to make certain entities ominous: Allah can make residing in a house, or taking a woman, or a horse, a cause of harm by His decree, which does not negate that all of this is by Allah's decree.

As for the specific mention of the woman without the man, it is a restriction by custom, not by existence. That is, the harm that usually spoils a servant's life typically comes from these three due to constant companionship, and it is not limited to these things; rather, it includes everything that causes repeated unpleasantness.

There is a consensus on the prohibition of taking omens from anything. The reason for the difference in directing the Hadith is to clarify that if Allah's decree coincides with the occurrence of calamities with certain entities, it is prescribed for the Muslim to part with them to preserve their heart from false belief.