How can a servant have a choice and be recompensed for it, as long as his will is subordinate to the will of Allah Almighty, and Allah does not compel His servants except upon their innate disposition (fitra)? And is there a choice within this innate disposition?
Everything that occurs in the universe happens by Allah's decree (qada') and destiny (qadar). Servants are punished for their transgressions out of justice and rewarded for their good deeds out of grace. Human actions are the execution of pre-determined cosmic commands, yet humans have been given intellect and strength to distinguish between beneficial and harmful, and they have free will in their actions. There is neither absolute free will nor absolute predetermination. Preserving one's creed and religion takes precedence over delving into these philosophies.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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