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Are Islamic miniatures, which depict historical Islamic events and figures, including the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Companions, and angels, considered forbidden or permissible?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

The drawing of animate beings on canvases, walls, clothing, and other surfaces is forbidden according to the majority of scholars, due to the generality of the hadiths which do not differentiate between one type and another. Among these are the Prophet's sayings, peace and blessings be upon him: "Those who make these images will be tormented on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said to them: 'Give life to what you have created,'" and "Angels do not enter a house in which there is an image." Al-Nawawi explained this by saying that it is "a grave sin, and it involves imitating the creation of Allah the Almighty." As for drawings that do not include animate beings, such as trees and rocks, they are permissible. This is supported by what Ibn Abbas said to a painter: "Woe to you! If you insist on making images, then you must draw trees and everything that does not have a soul." It is not valid to argue for their permissibility based on their existence in some countries, as the ultimate authority lies in the Quran and Sunnah. The prohibition becomes even more severe if the drawings depict the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and angels, which is a matter agreed upon by Islamic scholars and for which fatwas have been issued by reputable Islamic institutions.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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