What are the rulings concerning offering condolences, carrying the deceased, and burying them, and what should be said in each situation? Is it permissible to place a name marker on the grave or to sprinkle water on it?

The rulings concerning funerals include:

1. Carrying and Following the Bier: It is obligatory to carry and follow the bier due to the great reward involved, while avoiding anything that contradicts the Sharia, such as raising one's voice with crying or remembrance.

2. Burial: A Muslim is to be buried in a Muslim cemetery, entering the grave from its foot end. The body should be placed on its right side, facing the Qiblah. When placing the body, one should say: "Bismillaah wa 'ala sunnati Rasoolillaah (In the name of Allah and upon the tradition of the Messenger of Allah)" or "wa 'ala millati Rasoolillaah sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam (and upon the religion of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)." It is recommended to throw three handfuls of earth, and the grave should be raised slightly from the ground, about a handspan, and sprinkled with water.

After burial, it is Sunnah to stand by the grave and supplicate for the deceased, asking for steadfastness and forgiveness. Neither Al-Fatiha nor any other part of the Quran should be recited at the grave. Building over graves, plastering them, and writing on them are forbidden.

3. Condolence (Ta'ziyah): It is legislated for the family of the deceased with words that comfort them and encourage them to be patient. It is recommended to say: "Indeed, to Allah belongs what He has taken, and to Him belongs what He has given, and everything with Him has an appointed term; so be patient and seek reward." Gathering for condolences and the family of the deceased preparing food for visitors should be avoided. Rather, the relatives and neighbors of the deceased should prepare enough food for them.