Does a divorce issued by the husband stand if he was in a state of extreme rage that led him to the point of banging his head against the wall and attempting to asphyxiate himself with gas?

You committed a sin by harming yourself and attempting to kill yourself. You must repent and seek forgiveness, and do not repeat such actions.

To ward off anger, seek refuge in Allah from Satan and change your posture.

If you were not aware of what you did due to intense anger, then there is no sin upon you.

Regarding divorce: If you uttered it while unaware of what you were saying, then nothing is binding upon you.

However, if you were aware of what you were saying, then the divorce has occurred.

In the event that divorce has occurred: You may take your wife back before the expiry of her 'iddah if this was the first or second divorce. Her 'iddah ends with her purification from the third menstrual cycle, or three months for a non-menstruating woman, or upon delivery for a pregnant woman.

If this was the third divorce, then she is forbidden to you and becomes lawful only after she marries another man willingly and he divorces her after consummating the marriage.