Is it permissible for a teacher to cheat on mandatory professional examinations if his job depends on it, and is it permissible for the supervisor to overlook that, and is the money resulting from the professional bonus obtained in this manner lawful (halal)?

Cheating is forbidden by Islamic law, and it is not permissible for the examinee to do it, nor for the supervisors to allow it. However, if the exams are arbitrary or routine, irrelevant to the work, and failure to pass them would result in losing a job that one cannot do without, then there is no harm in answering from books and collaborating as a group, due to necessity and the need for the job. But if one is not in need of the job, or if the exam is only for a salary increase, then cheating remains forbidden, and whatever results from it is considered consuming wealth unjustly.