Does Islam completely prohibit women from wearing trousers, or is there an allowance depending on circumstances, especially when comfort and modesty are needed in places like universities and laboratories?

A woman is not permitted to wear trousers (pants) except under certain conditions: that they are worn under loose, concealing outer garments, and that they do not resemble men's trousers or those worn by disbelieving women. If these conditions are met, then it is permissible to wear them; otherwise, it is not. Generally, the conditions for a woman's clothing are that it must be concealing, thick, not transparent, and loose, not tight, and that it must not resemble the clothing of men, prostitutes, or disbelieving women. For outer garments, there are additional conditions: that they should not be clothes of fame (drawing attention) nor an adornment in themselves, and that they should not be perfumed or scented.