What is the ruling on participating in demonstrations that lead to bloodshed, and does the ruling differ between men and women? What is the Sharia's view on excommunicating some rulers, and what is the ruling on isolating oneself from fitna?

Issues pertaining to complex realities where benefits and harms are intertwined require a profound knowledge of Sharia and a deep understanding of the situation to issue fatwas. Therefore, one should refer to trustworthy scholars in their country. Given the intricate nature of these issues, collective ijtihad is more appropriate and closer to correctness and soundness.