Is it permissible to reflect upon the Quranic verses "follow the path of those who turned in repentance" and "fell down bowing, and turned in repentance" and to try to connect them? What is the ruling on such reflection?

Contemplating the Quran is a religious requirement, and Allah's statement: (And follow the way of him who turns to Me in devotion) means following all those who turn to Him in devotion, such as David and other prophets and righteous individuals. Thus, the verse is not exclusive to David, peace be upon him, but rather includes everyone who turns to Allah in devotion.