Has it been mentioned in the Quran that Jews are considered more intelligent than other nations?

The preference mentioned for the Children of Israel in the Quran is specific to the time of Moses, peace be upon him, and not absolute for all times. They were favored due to what they were given of kingship, messengers, and scriptures, over the people of that time, or due to the physical blessings they were specifically granted, and not because of an inherent quality of intelligence within them.

Describing Ishmael with forbearance and Isaac with knowledge are specific qualities that suit them, and are not linked to the intelligence of their descendants. Furthermore, the attribute of intelligence is not a praise in itself if it does not benefit its possessor.

The miracles of the Children of Israel were physical due to their dullness, whereas the miracles of the Ummah of Muhammad were intellectual due to their intelligence and complete understanding, and because the Sharia is enduring, it necessitated that its miracles be likewise.