Does hating the city of the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, lead to a person's misguidance, especially if he felt misguided at the time of his hatred for the city, then repented after leaving it?

The virtue of residing in Madinah is immense, and among its benefits is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, will be an intercessor or a witness for those who patiently endure its hardships. Madinah is like a bellows that expels the impure. This does not mean that this applies to all times; rather, it is said that it was specific to the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and to the End of Times when the Dajjal emerges.

As for the ruling on leaving Madinah, there is no sin upon one who is from outside of it and resided there for work or a visit to leave it and return to their homeland, because the prohibition is intended for those who leave out of a disregard for the reward of residing there or out of dislike for it. The sanctity of a place is measured by the righteous deeds of a person; the land does not sanctify anyone, rather a person's deeds sanctify them.