Were the prophets sinful until the end of their lives, and were their trials due to what their hands had earned of sins?

The verse, "And whatever strikes you of disaster – it is because of what your hands have earned, and He pardons much" (Quran 42:30), is not to be taken literally in all cases. Not every misfortune is a punishment for a sin; rather, it is specific to wrongdoers. Indeed, misfortunes may befall an afflicted person to expose them to a great reward through patience, or to elevate their ranks, as was the case with the prophets. The tribulation of misfortunes has various causes and wisdoms, including purification, cleansing, expiation of sins, or elevation of ranks. The sign of a tribulation being a punishment is a lack of patience, anxiety, and complaining. As for the sign of a tribulation being an expiation and purification, it is beautiful patience. And the sign of a tribulation for the elevation of ranks is contentment, acceptance, and peace of mind.