What is the jurisprudential ruling on cosmetic surgery and what are the views of jurists concerning it?

Cosmetic procedures are divided into two types: one type aims at seeking beauty and enhancement, which is impermissible because it is an alteration of Allah's creation. The second type aims at removing harm, pain, a congenital defect, or a defect resulting from an accident or illness, and this is permissible. In the authentic hadith, Arfajah ibn As'ad took a nose of gold after his nose was cut off. What causes harm or injury, such as an extra tooth or an extra finger, is an exception to altering creation, and men and women are equal in this permissibility.