How are missed prayers made up in cases of shortening and combining prayers (such as during travel or rain), on Friday, and when combining with the Imam?

Making up missed prayers (Qada') is among the most obligatory duties. One must hasten to make them up and not be content with praying only one missed prayer with each obligatory prayer. The missed prayers should be performed fully, without shortening the four-rak'ah prayers. Missed Friday prayers should be made up as Dhuhr prayers. One should not abandon the Sunnah prayers.