What is the ruling on: 1. Using deodorant or musk for men and women in the month of fasting? 2. Listening to music in the month of Ramadan? 3. A woman wearing trousers in the month of Ramadan?

There is no harm in applying deodorant or musk to one's clothes or body, for both men and women, because they are not corporeal substances. What breaks the fast is that which is corporeal and reaches the inside of the body. As for listening to music, it is forbidden and reprehensible, both inside and outside of Ramadan (definition). It is not permissible for a woman to wear trousers, whether in Ramadan or otherwise, except in front of her husband, because they are often tight and define the body's parts. However, if they are loose and modest, she may appear in them before other women. It should be noted that the fast of one who listens to music or a woman who wears trousers in front of non-mahram (definition) men is valid, though sinful.