What is the ruling on a loan provided by a bank that is repaid without interest, in exchange for paying an advance amount for insurance?

There is no harm in taking a حسن (benevolent/interest-free) loan for those who need it, as long as it does not involve prohibited usurious interest. The existence of insurance on the debt, by deducting a small amount from the salary, does not affect this, if this insurance is mutual and cooperative; because it is one of the permissible guarantees. However, insurance on debt is prohibited if it is commercial insurance. The "Sharia (definition) Standards" have stipulated the permissibility of Islamic insurance on debts and the impermissibility of non-Islamic insurance on them.