Is it permissible for someone to fast for a missed day (qadaa') if they did not form the intention for it during the night, but their intention was present from beforehand?
The intention for an obligatory fast (whether performed on time or made up) must be made at night. It is not a condition that this intention be made at the time of sleep. Therefore, whoever does not intend to fast from the night, their fast is not valid. This is the view of the Hanbalis, Malikis, and Shafi'is, who cite the narrated by Hafsah from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "Whoever does not intend to fast from the night, there is no fast for him." On the other hand, Abu Hanifa holds that for the fast and every specified fast, an intention made during the day is sufficient, citing the Prophet's Hadith regarding the Ashura fast.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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