What is the ruling on a pregnant woman fasting during days of bleeding, and for the days she missed fasting after a miscarriage?

The blood that flowed due to the miscarriage of the fetus is not considered nifas (definition) (postnatal bleeding) and does not prevent fasting or prayer, because the fetus had not reached the period during which its creation becomes apparent (81 days). The blood that flows during pregnancy, if it coincides with the usual time of menstruation, or if it has the characteristics of menstrual blood (color, odor, or pain), then it is menstrual blood, which prevents fasting, and the woman must make up the days she fasted. However, if it is not at the time of menstruation and does not carry its characteristics, then it is Istihada (irregular vaginal bleeding), which does not prevent prayer or fasting. She must make up the days she did not fast due to medication or surgery. Dark discharges after the operation (kudra) are considered menses if they occur immediately after it or during the time of menstruation; otherwise, they are not considered menses. The minimum period of purity between two menstruations is fifteen days, and the maximum duration of menstruation is fifteen days; anything beyond that is considered irregular bleeding (fasad).