Is Satan an infidel, despite his knowledge of God's existence and his fear of Him?
Several matters need to be clarified:
1. Satan is an extreme disbeliever (kafir): He is a disbeliever out of obstinacy and arrogance. He knows God's deservingness of worship but disbelieved out of defiance. Allah Almighty described him with a superlative form to denote his profound disbelief.
2. The disbeliever acknowledges God: The questioner's statement that the disbeliever does not acknowledge God is incorrect. Most disbelievers affirm God, just as the polytheists affirmed the Oneness of Lordship ( al-Rububiyyah).
3. Satan has not seen God: Satan has not seen Allah Almighty, because seeing God in this worldly life is not ordained by Islamic law.
4. Satan does not fear God as He should be feared: Satan does not fear God as He should be feared; otherwise, he would have obeyed God and responded to His command.
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