What is the ruling on a husband saying, "By Allah, she is divorced," intentionally or unintentionally, in a state of anger, knowing that he has not yet consummated the marriage with his wife?

If you utter an explicit divorce pronouncement to your wife, she is divorced, whether you intended the divorce or not. The fact that the divorce occurred before consummation or in the wife's absence does not prevent its occurrence. A woman divorced before consummation is entitled to half of the mahr (dowry) and is not required to observe an iddah (waiting period). Her divorce is bain (irrevocable), meaning the husband cannot take her back except with a new contract and a new mahr. You must repent if you raised your voice at your mother or harmed her.