What is the ruling on obtaining a doctorate in literary fields, and does it have a basis in Islam? What is the ruling on one who obtains it for ostentation, or on one who obtains it with a good intention but fails to apply their knowledge because society does not utilize them?

The fundamental principle concerning things is permissibility until evidence for their prohibition emerges. There is no need to provide evidence for the permissibility of acquiring university degrees. However, obtaining a certificate for praise or financial gain is prohibited if it is in the Islamic sciences, and not absolutely prohibited in non-Islamic sciences.

Ibn Uthaymeen said: "The Islamic sciences and their supporting disciplines should only be sought for the sake of Allah. Whoever seeks them for worldly gain will not smell the fragrance of Paradise. As for worldly sciences like engineering and mechanics, there is no harm in a person seeking worldly benefits through them. However, if one intends to benefit Muslims, it would be better for him." And obtaining a certificate is not solely for worldly gain. If one intends by it to benefit people and reach positions that enable him to do so, then that is an excellent intention, because certificates have become a measure of competence. But whoever intends by it merely a salary and a rank, has lost.

As for someone who is prevented from disseminating the knowledge he learned for the sake of Allah and for the benefit of Muslims, there is no sin upon him. Rather, if his intention is sincere, he will attain the reward of one who spreads knowledge.