Is accusing someone of sodomy an injustice to them, based on the appearance of signs indicating their engagement in acts leading to sodomy, and does the accused have the right to litigation and supplication?

The abomination of sodomy, like the abomination of adultery, cannot be accused without four witnesses.

Scholars have unanimously agreed that testimony for adultery is not accepted unless there are four upright men. If three testify, their testimony is not accepted, and they are given the punishment for slander, because they are liars in the sight of Allah.

Circumstantial evidence or suspicions do not permit accusing someone of this abomination, and modern means of proof such as photography and medical analyses do not remove the punishment for slander; rather, the four witnesses are indispensable.

The slanderer is a liar, even if he slandered someone who actually committed adultery; this is because he reported something that he was not permitted to report.

The punishment for slandering someone with sodomy is the same as the punishment for slandering someone with adultery, according to the majority of scholars.

It is permissible for the slandered person to take the slanderer to court, and the slanderer must be given the punishment for slander if he does not produce the lawful evidence. Praying against him is permissible to the extent of the injustice he committed.